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Dolomite was named after the French mineralogist Déodat de Dolomieu. The mineral dolomite is commonly found in deposits of a sedimentary rock called dolostone. There are two types of materials often called dolomite: a true, chemically uniform calcium magnesium carbonate with the chemical formula CaMg(CO3)2, and dolomitic limestone, which is an irregular mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates.
Dolomite is believed to have formed by the replacement of some of the calcium in a calcium carbonate limestone deposit with magnesium, while the sediment was undergoing lithification—being converted from layers of dead clam and other sea animal shells into crystallized calcite or calcium carbonate. The resultant dolomite mineral, CaMg(CO3)2, is a true double salt. The calcium and magnesium ions in dolomite exist in separate layers within the crystal matrix. Dolomite has a calcium layer, followed by a carbonate layer, then a magnesium layer, then another carbonate layer, and so on.
Dolomite is harder and denser than the calcite form of calcium carbonate (or limestone) and is more chemically inert and resistant to acid attack.
